What is Root Resorption?

Understanding Root Resorption

Root resorption is a process where the body's own cells begin to break down and "eat away" at the root structure of a tooth. This is not a normal process; it's a pathological condition that can affect the outside of the root (external resorption) or the inside of the root (internal resorption). It is often a slow and painless process, making it difficult to detect without a dental X-ray. Left untreated, root resorption can weaken the tooth's structure, leading to a fracture or even the loss of the tooth.

What Causes Root Resorption?

Root resorption is typically triggered by an injury or stimulation to the root. Common causes include:

Dental Trauma: An injury, such as a tooth being knocked out or a severe blow, can damage the root and its protective layers, initiating the resorptive process.

Orthodontic Treatment: In some cases, the forces applied during braces can cause minor root resorption, although this is usually self-limiting and doesn't cause a problem.

Internal Bleaching: The chemicals used in internal bleaching can sometimes irritate the root and cause external resorption.

Chronic Infection: Long-standing infection or inflammation in the dental pulp can trigger internal resorption.

What Can Be Done to Fix It?

The treatment for root resorption depends on the type, location, and severity of the condition.

Internal Resorption: This is typically treated with a root canal procedure. The endodontist removes the infected pulp tissue and the resorptive cells, cleans the canal, and then fills and seals it to stop the process.

External Resorption: Treatment is more complex and depends on where the resorption is located.

External Cervical Resorption (ECR): This is a specific type of external resorption that begins on the outside of the tooth near the gumline. Treatment involves surgically exposing the area, removing the resorptive tissue, and restoring the defect with a filling material.

External Apical Resorption: This affects the tip of the root. If it is minor, it may not require treatment. If it is significant, it may be treated with a root canal or an apicoectomy to remove the resorptive tissue at the root tip.